IMPAIRMENT NEURAL DEVELOPMENTS AND SYMPTOMS OF AUTISM...

Autism spectrum disorders are a common neural developmental brain condition (Cheng et al., 2010). It does not have unifying neurobiological or pathological etiology (Geschwind Levitt, 2007) .It characterized by impaired social interaction and communication skills and restricted repetitive behavior (Johnson Myers, 2007). Medical condition such as mental retardation, chromosomal anomalies and seizures are often appear with autism (Casanova, 2007). During first 3 years of childhood, these major symptoms are revealed (Casanova, 2007). Autism is one of three recognized condition and the other two know as Asperger’s syndrome (Levy, Mandell, Schultz, 2009). There are also secondary symptoms that may not be shown in individual with autism†¦show more content†¦During the gestation period 20 to 24 days after conception, the embryo motor neurons of cranial nerve that are responsible for eye, face, ears and tongue muscles are injured (Rodier, 2000). In addition, autism indi viduals’ family histories have been reported with immunological disorders, though its relevance to autism is still unknown (Johnson Myers, 2007). Furthermore, parental exposure to some environmental agents may cause disruption of neural development (Rodier, 2004). Neurotoxicants such as ethanol, thalidomide and isotretinoin have been reported to cause autism in a child if his mother was exposed to these neurotoxicants during pregnancy (Rodier, 2000). Furthermore, the neurotoxicants exposure causes genetic mutation in the embryo (Rodier, 2004). Genetic epidemiological studies on twins showed that there is heritable factor involve in the condition occurrence (Casanova, 2007). Hence, embryo neural development is very critical time in autism existence. Brain pathophysiology show different structure size in autism individual comparing to normal individual. Corpus callosum is involved in communication of information between the bi-hemispheric regions of the brain and it has been shown that its size is involved in individual with autism (Alexander et al., 2006). Thinning Corpus callosum was noticed in autism children (Alexander et al., 2006). Likewise, postmortem studies show thinning in Corpus callosum in autism patient. Geschwind and Levitt (2007)